The chemical evolution of the early hydrospheres on Earth and Mars cou
ld have been similar. It may have been characterized by long-lasting h
ighly alkaline conditions. By analogy with sediments produced in terre
strial highly alkaline environments (soda lakes), traces of the martia
n alkaline hydrosphere could be found by remote sensing and/or landing
missions in form of (i) Ca-Mg carbonate precipitates, (ii) silicified
volcanogenic natrocarbonatites, and (iv) efflorescenses. The potentia
l significance of the highly alkaline Mars hydrosphere for the origin,
sustenance, and subsequent evolution of living systems on that planet
is discussed. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
reserved.