P. Biscari et al., THE TOPOLOGICAL MICROSTRUCTURE OF DEFECTS IN NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS, Molecular crystals and liquid crystals science and technology. Section A, Molecular crystals and liquid crystals, 292, 1997, pp. 91-101
We study the core of line and point defects in nematic liquid crystals
. The topological theory of defects allows us to prove that a uniaxial
nematic has two ways to avoid a topologically stable defect: either i
t melts, by becoming isotropic on the putative defect, or a complex bi
axial structure arises, that we describe in the paper.