The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its specialized subcompartments suc
h as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, is the main dynamic Ca2+ storage comp
artment of the cell. Key cellular functions are regulated, either dire
ctly or indirectly, by the free Ca2+ concentration in the ER. This art
icle discusses the properties of Ca2+ storage in the ER and considers
the functions that appear to be regulated by the Ca2+ stores within th
e ER, both in and around the ER and at a distance from it.