VLASOV SIMULATIONS OF ELECTRON HEATING BY LANGMUIR TURBULENCE NEAR THE CRITICAL ALTITUDE IN THE RADIATION-MODIFIED IONOSPHERE

One-dimensional Vlasov equations are solved numerically for conditions appropriate to the ionospheric F-region during the initial stages of HF-radiation modification experiments at two altitudes: one at the cri tical altitude, the other approximately 1.5 km lower. Numerical simula tions of wave growth and saturation with self-consistent evolution of particle distributions are run past the point at which a statistically steady state is reached. At the critical altitude the wave turbulence is dominated by coherent collapsing wave packets or 'cavitons' and at the lower altitude by a combination of coherent (strong) and incohere nt (weak) turbulence. Our results are consistent with the predictions of Hanssen et al. [Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 12,073 (1992)] . Semi-open boundary conditions, in which a small fraction of the hot electrons generated by interactions with the strong localized caviton fields are replaced by electrons From the cool background distribution , are employed to model a heated region of finite length that is large compared to the simulation domain. The resultant steady-state electro n distributions are characterized by power-law tails of hot electrons superposed on an approximately Maxwellian bulk distribution. The Langm uir-wave dissipation spectra are found to be in good agreement with pr edictions based on linear Landau damping on the nonthermal electron ta ils. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.