This paper has three main purposes: a) it uses a comparative quantitat
ive framework to demonstrate the pace of economic growth in different
parts of the world economy since 1820, and to identify the major cause
s which have been operative; b) it analyses the different approaches w
hich economists have developed to interpret proximate growth causality
; and (c) it reviews the role of institutions and other deeper and les
s measurable influences on growth performance.