Throughout the past year, on-site visits to financial service firms we
re conducted to review and evaluate their financial risk management sy
stems. The commercial banking analysis covered a number of North Ameri
can super-regionals and quasi-money-center institutions as well as sev
eral firms outside the U.S. The information obtained covered both the
philosophy and practice of financial risk management. This article out
lines the results of this investigation. It reports the state of risk
management techniques in the industry. It reports the standard of prac
tice and evaluates how and why it is conducted in the particular way c
hosen. In addition, critiques are offered where appropriate. We discus
s the problems which the industry finds most difficult to address, sho
rtcomings of the current methodology used to analyze risk, and the ele
ments that are missing in the current procedures of risk management.