We investigate the pair creation of charged black holes in a backgroun
d with a positive cosmological constant. We consider C metrics with a
cosmological constant, and show that the conical singularities in the
metric only disappear when it reduces to the Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sit
ter metric. We construct an instanton describing the pair production o
f extreme black holes and an instanton describing the pair production
of nonextreme black holes from the Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter metric
, and calculate their actions. There are a number of striking similari
ties between these instantons and the Ernst instantons, which describe
pair production in a background electromagnetic held. We also observe
that the type I instanton in the ordinary C metric with zero cosmolog
ical constant is actually the Reissner-Nordstrom solution.