POTENTIOMETRIC STRIPPING DETERMINATION OF HEAVY-METALS USING A GRAPHITE-REINFORCEMENT CARBON VIBRATING ELECTRODE

Potentiometric stripping determination of Cd, Cu and Zn using a vibrat ing electrode (VE) is presented. A simple VE was constructed by using a piezoelectric bimorph oscillator and an inexpensive graphite-reinfor cement carbon (GRC) rod (a mechanical pencil). Experimental results ob tained with the simple VE follow the equation valid for quantitative a pplication of potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) in large solutio ns. It was found that the GRC vibrating electrode is suitable for mult ielement trace analysis of small samples of 0.05 mL. The relative stan dard deviations for divalent metals are better than 2%.