KINETICS OF CO2 EXCRETION AND INTRAVASCULAR PH DISEQUILIBRIA DURING CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE INHIBITION

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity (activity in red blood cells and activity available on capillary endothelium) results in decr ements in CO2 excretion ((V) over bar CO2) and plasma-erythrocyte CO2- HCO3--H+ disequilibrium as blood travels around the circulation. To in vestigate the kinetics of changes in blood PCO2 and pH during progress ive CA inhibition, we used our previously detailed mathematical model of capillary gas exchange to analyze experimental data of (V) over bar CO2 and blood-gas/pH parameters obtained from anesthetized, paralyzed , and mechanically ventilated dogs after treatment with acetazolamide (Actz, 0-100 mg/kg iv). Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were c ollected via indwelling femoral and pulmonary arterial catheters, resp ectively. Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution. End-tidal PCO 2, as a measure of alveolar PCO2, was obtained from continuous records of airway PCO2, above the carina. Experimental results were analyzed with the aid of a mathematical model of lung and tissue-gas exchange. Progressive CA inhibition was associated with stepwise increments in t he equilibrated mixed venous-alveolar PCO2 gradient (9, 19, and 26 Tor r at 5, 20, and 100 mg/kg Actz, respectively). The maximum decrements in (V) over bar CO2 were 10, 24, and 26% with 5, 20, and 100 mg/kg Act z, respectively, without full recovery of (V) over bar CO2 at Ih posti nfusion. Equilibrated arterial PCO2 overestimated alveolar PCO2, and t issue PCO2 was underestimated by the measured equilibrated mixed venou s blood PCO2. Mathematical model computations predicted hysteresis loo ps of the instantaneous CO2-HCO3--H+ relationship and in vivo blood PC O2-pH relationship due to the finite reaction times for CO2-HCO3--H+ r eactions. The shape of the hysteresis loops was affected by the extent of Actz inhibition of CA in red blood cells and plasma.