IMPAIRED LOCOMOTION AND DOPAMINE SIGNALING IN RETINOID RECEPTOR MUTANT MICE

In the adult mouse, single and compound null mutations in the genes fo r retinoic acid receptor beta and retinoid X receptors beta and gamma resulted in locomotor defects related to dysfunction of the mesolimbic dopamine signaling pathway. Expression of the D1 and D2 receptors for dopamine was reduced in the ventral striatum of mutant mice, and the response of double null mutant mice to cocaine, which affects dopamine signaling in the mesolimbic system, was blunted. Thus, retinoid recep tors are involved in the regulation of brain functions, and retinoic a cid signaling defects may contribute to pathologies such as Parkinson' s disease and schizophrenia.