This symposium on susceptibility and risk was the third in a series de
signed to bring together experts from diverse disciplines to discuss c
ontemporary issues in risk assessment. The topic in 1996 was especiall
y challenging since susceptibility is influenced by a myriad of factor
s including environmental, genetic, social and political elements. The
delineation of the relative contribution of various 'susceptibility'
factors has major implications for risk management options that may be
applied in a regulatory context (risk prevention and risk reduction)
or by the individual (risk avoidance). Current approaches to account f
or susceptibility in risk assessments (e.g. application of an uncertai
nty factor) have frequently been challenged as to their scientific bas
is and thus need periodic re-examination or update to maintain a credi
ble foundation for the assessment process. The goal of this symposium
was to gain a better understanding of the dimensions of the problem an
d to explore the directions that the risk assessment process might fol
low to better quantify the contribution of susceptibility in risk calc
ulations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.