Ra. Axford et al., THE EFFECTS OF PN SEQUENCES ON THE MISCONVERGENCE OF THE CONSTANT MODULUS ALGORITHM (CMA), IEEE transactions on signal processing, 46(2), 1998, pp. 519-523
The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) can misconverge when the received
two-dimensional (2-D) signal is derived from encoding a binary PN seq
uence. The distortion of the probabilistic symmetry of the transmitted
constellation can be controlled by careful selection of the underlyin
g binary PN sequence, thereby influencing the convergence behavior of
CMA.