Vm. Miller et al., PLASMA NITRIC-OXIDE BEFORE AND AFTER SMOKING CESSATION WITH NICOTINE NASAL SPRAY, Journal of clinical pharmacology, 38(1), 1998, pp. 22-27
Nicotine may affect cardiovascular function through release of neurotr
ansmitters from autonomic nerves or release of vasoactive substances f
rom the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide is a neurotransmitter and e
ndothelium-derived factor that reduces tone of vascular smooth muscle.
Experiments were designed to determine whether or not use of nicotine
nasal spray for smoking cessation affects plasma levels of nitric oxi
de. Forty smokers self-administered nicotine by nasal spray (one 0.5 m
g spray to each nostril). Blood samples were taken before the use of t
ile nasal spray and at treatment day 7 for the measurement of cotinine
by high pressure liquid chromatography and nitric oxide (NOx) by chem
iluminescence. Age-comparable controls were never-smokers nonnicotine
users recruited from laboratory personnel. Mean plasma concentrations
of NOx from smokers before treatment were significantly greater compar
ed with nonsmokers (23 +/- 10, n = 40 and 15 +/- 6, n = 13 nmoles/mL [
mean +/- SD], respectively P < 0.01). Plasma NOx in smokers was not si
gnificantly correlated with the average daily number of cigarettes smo
ked (r(2) = 0.02, P > 0.05) but was positively and linearly correlated
with plasma cotinine (r(2) = 0.13, P < 0.02). In 32 self-reported abs
tinent smokers (confirmed by expired carbon monoxide < 9 ppm) using ni
cotine nasal spray, cotinine decreased by 64% from pretreatment levels
of 284 +/- 103 to posttreatment levels of 90 +/- 58 ng/mL. Plasma NOx
was unchanged and went from 23.0 +/- 10.1 at pretreatment to 21 +/- 1
2 nmoles/mL with nicotine treatment. These results suggest that nicoti
ne-use, independent of cigarette smoking, affects plasma No-x.