ACTIVATION AND SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION VIA MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN (MAP) KINASES IN T-LYMPHOCYTES

Citation
K. Hardy et G. Chaudhri, ACTIVATION AND SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION VIA MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN (MAP) KINASES IN T-LYMPHOCYTES, Immunology and cell biology, 75(6), 1997, pp. 528-545
Citations number
213
Categorie Soggetti
Cell Biology",Immunology
Journal title
ISSN journal
08189641
Volume
75
Issue
6
Year of publication
1997
Pages
528 - 545
Database
ISI
SICI code
0818-9641(1997)75:6<528:AASVMP>2.0.ZU;2-A
Abstract
The various mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases have central roles in the signalling pathways of T lymphocytes. Their activation is uniq uely dependent on dual phosphorylation of a serine/threonine and a tyr osine residue and is regulated by several levels of kinases in paralle l cascades. In addition, both the MAP kinases and their upstream, acti vating kinases are regulated by several phosphatases. Although each of the MAP kinases have many cytoplasmic substrates, their ability to tr anslocate to the nucleus means that they can transmit signals from the cytoplasm directly to transcription factors, which are sometimes nucl ear bound. The MAP kinase cascades are activated in T lymphocytes by a variety of different external stimuli. They play an important role in transducing both the signal from T cell receptor and costimulatory mo lecules, on the T cell surface, and are able to regulate several of th e transcription factors controlling the expression of critical genes, including that for IL-2. This review examines how the activation of se veral MAP kinases is regulated, their role in signal transduction init iated by a variety of stimuli, and how this may lead to different cell ular responses.