LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE OF ALVEOLAR BONE GAIN AFTER IMPLANTATION OF AUTOLYZED, ANTIGEN-EXTRACTED, ALLOGENIC BONE IN PERIODONTAL INTRAOSSEOUS DEFECTS

THIS RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL assessed the long-term maintenance of alveolar bone gain after implantation of autolyzed, antigen-extracted , allogenic (AAA) bone. AAA bone is a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft processed after previously described methods. In each of 14 patients, AAA bone was implanted into the intraosseous defect of 1 too th (test); a second tooth with an intraosseous defect was treated by m odified Widman flap surgery alone (control). All patients were offered supportive periodontal therapy at 3- to 6-month intervals following t reatment. Clinical measurements were taken prior to surgery, 6 months, and 3 years following surgery. Of the 14 patients enrolled, II patien ts completed the 6-month and 8 patients the 3-year examination. In tes t teeth, bone gain was significantly greater compared to control teeth at 6 months (2.2+/-0.5 mm and 1.2+/-0.5 mm, respectively) and 3 years (2.3+/-0.7 mm and 1.1+/-0.8 mm, respectively) (P < 0.05). Also, more probing attachment was gained in test compared to control teeth at 3 y ears (2.0+/-0.7 mm and 0.8+/-0.5 mn, respectively; P < 0.05). At 3 yea rs, Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in 3 test and 2 control teet h by polymerase chain reaction, whereas no Actinobacillus actinomycete mcomitans was found. Due to the low detection frequency, there was no clear correlation between the maintenance of alveolar bone during supp ortive periodontal therapy and subgingival infection with P. gingivali s. The data indicated that alveolar bone gain after implantation of AA A bone may be maintained over a minimum of 3 years in patients receivi ng periodontal supportive therapy.