LIFE-HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF IMMATURE STAGES OF TRUPANEA-JONESI CURRAN (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) ON NATIVE ASTERACEAE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Trupanea jonesi Curran is a multivoltine, florivorous fruit fly (Dipte ra: Tephritidae) infesting at least 104 species of host plants in 42 g enera, eight tribes, and 17 subtribes in California and other western United States. Accordingly, this tephritid is the species most commonl y reared from mature flower heads of native Asteraceae throughout Cali fornia. Records for three new host genera and eight new host species a re reported. The egg, first-, second- and third-instar larvae, and pup arium are described and figured. The abdominal, lateral spiracular com plex of the third instar consists of a spiracle and a single placoid s ensillum and thus differs from other third instar Trupanea spp. report ed to date. A subdorsal sensillum on the gnathocephalum is reported fo r the first time from the third instar of a Trupanea. The Life cycle o f T. jonesi in California is of the aggregative type. Eggs were laid i n closed, preblossom flower heads through or between the overlapping p hyllaries into or between the florets. First and second instars fed on the ovules and florets, while the third instars principally fed on th e soft achenes. The receptacles of infested flower heads were scored ( visibly abraided) by the mouth hooks or not depending in part on larva l densities and host-plant species. Infested flower heads in samples f rom 10 different hosts contained an average of 1.7 +/- 0.1 (+/-SE) (ra nge, 1-15) puparia and an average total of 80 +/- 2 (25-119) soft ache nes/florets, of which an average of 7.3 +/- 0.5 (range, 2-40) soft ach enes/florets, or 16% (range, 1-15%), were damaged by larval feeding. C ourtship and copulation behaviors are described, including a character istic, unique wing display combining rapid wing hamation with supinati on by males approaching females. Male-male combat using mouthparts and legs also is described. Five species of Hymenoptera were reared from individual puparia and mature flower heads bearing puparia of T. jones i as solitary, larval-pupal endoparasitoids: Eurytoma obtusiventris Ga han, E. veronia Bugbee (Eurytomidae), Halticoptera sp. (Pteromalidae), Mesoplobus sp. (Pteromalidae), and Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae) Othe r possible primary parasitoids or hyperparasitoids reared along with T . jonesi from mature flower heads were Eupelmus sp. (Eupelmidae), Pach yneuron sp. (Pteromalidae) and one, unidentified species each of Cynip idae and Eulophidae.