Effective leaders recognize the critical nature of active, broad-based
nurse participation in patient care redesign efforts, The sense-of-co
herence theory is applied to change management with the I intent to fo
ster comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness in dealing w
ith change-related stress, Multiple strategies including communication
, training/education, and outcome evaluation must be part of any organ
izational redesign project. Front-line staff should be encouraged to p
articipate in focus groups to air concerns and to evaluate both the po
sitive and negative impact of changes in patient care delivery.