W. Hummel, ON THE SPECTACULAR VARIATIONS OF BE STARS - EVIDENCE FOR A TEMPORARILY TILTED CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK, Astronomy and astrophysics, 330(1), 1998, pp. 243-252
A new explanation for the spectacular emission line variations occurin
g in the Be stars gamma Cas and 59 Cyg is presented. We propose a circ
umstellar Keplerian disk, tilted with respect to the equatorial plane.
The precessing nodal and apsidal line causes a variation in the emiss
ion line widths and profile shapes. In particular the sequence of alte
rnating shell-phases and narrow single-peak phases is proposed to be d
ue to an apparent variation in the disk inclination.