COSMIC-RAY STUDIES BY THE EMULSION METHOD - TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS

The principles of the work of X-ray emulsion calorimeters (XEC) has be en described with an example of a calorimeter working at the Pamir. In vestigations of the development of cascades in gamma-block and hadron- block of the Pamir XEC have shown wider fluctuations than those expect ed from the reconstruction of the mass of pi(0). The results of calcul ations made with the use of the GEANT program for individual gamma-qua nta and hadrons at energies 4 - 10 TeV have been presented. Gamma quan ta of energies E-th = 4 TeV and hadrons of E-th 10 TeV have not been r egistered with 100% efficiency by the Pamir XEC. Low intensities of e, gamma-families, their relations with measurements of shower size spec tra N-e, have been discussed from the point of view of the model of hi gh energy interactions and mass composition of primary cosmic radiatio n.