The elements of the U.S. M1 money supply process are examined for coin
tegration and error correction for the subperiods of differing Federal
Reserve operating procedures from 1971 through 1990. Cointegration am
ong the money supply, the monetary base, and the market-deposit intere
st rate differential is observed from 1953:01 to 1990:06 during the bo
rrowed reserves operating procedure period. Movements in the interest
differential, which possibly affected the currency-deposit ratio compo
nent of the money multiplier, and in the money supply, maintained the
long-run equilibrium relationship among the series.