JUNG BEFORE FREUD, NOT FREUD BEFORE JUNG - THE RECEPTION OF JUNGS WORK IN AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYTIC CIRCLES BETWEEN 1904 AND 1909

A review is first presented of the new Jung scholarship - that Jung is to be properly understood, not as a disciple of Freud, but as the twe ntieth century exponent of the symbolic hypothesis in the tradition of the late nineteenth century psychologies of transcendence. This is fo llowed by an outline of the so-called French-Swiss-English and America n psychotherapeutic alliance, of which Jung was a part, and the cross- cultural mediumistic psychology of the subconscious it promoted, chief ly through the works of William James, F. W. H. Myers, and Theodore Fl ournoy. Focusing on the experimental work of the Swiss-American pathol ogist Adolph Meyer and the American neurologist Frederick Peterson, ev idence is then produced to show that Jung, before Freud, was more impo rtant in American psychotherapeutic circles. His experimental research es into the association method and the psychogalvanic reflex, his stud y of mediums and connection to Swiss psychiatry had numerous unique al liances with the American scene, particularly because of their similar historical relation between psychology and religion. Therefore, to un derstand Jung, one must consider the archetypal significance which Ame rica held for Jung's own individuation process, as well as the America nization of Jungian ideas that followed.