A. Ekblad et al., CHITIN AND ERGOSTEROL COMBINED TO MEASURE TOTAL AND LIVING FUNGAL BIOMASS IN ECTOMYCORRHIZAS, New phytologist, 138(1), 1998, pp. 143-149
We have studied the chitin and ergosterol contents of ectomycorrhizal
roots in three sets of experiments to evaluate them as indicators of f
ungal biomass. The first set of experiments showed that ageing had a m
arked effect on ergosterol concentrations. The ergosterol content of 7
-month-old, brown, shrunken Pinus sylvestris L.-Paxillus involutus (Fr
.) Fr. mycorrhizas was found to be only 10% of that found in white, tu
rgid, 1- or 4-month-old specimens. This supports the hypothesis that t
he compound is a good indicator of living fungal biomass. Ageing had a
lesser effect on chitin concentrations since the chitin levels found
in 7-month-old mycorrhizas were still 60% of the levels found in 1- an
d 4-month-old specimens. Consequently, the chitin:ergosterol ratio inc
reased from about 14 to 19 in 1- and 4-month-old mycorrhizas respectiv
ely to about 110 in 7-month-old mycorrhizas. In the second set of expe
riments, we found that variation in plant growth had no effect on the
chitin:ergosterol ratio in whole root systems of either Alnus incana (
L.) Moench or Pinus sylvestris mycorrhizal with Paxillus involutus. In
the third set of experiments, we found a constant relationship betwee
n the two marker concentrations in 10-month-old root systems of Pinus
sylvestris, regardless of fungal species involved, using Paxillus invo
lutus, Piloderma croceum Erikss. & Hjorts and Suillus variegatus (Fr.)
O. Kuntze as test organisms. Taken together, the results of this stud
y suggest that both chitin and ergosterol give reliable, but different
, relative measures of fungal biomass in mycorrhizal roots. Furthermor
e, we demonstrate that, in combination, the two chemical markers can b
e used to estimate both total and living fungal biomass (derived from
the chitin:ergosterol ratio).