EFFECTS OF 2 WEEKS OF TOPICAL BUDESONIDE TREATMENT ON MICROVASCULAR EXUDATIVE RESPONSIVENESS IN HEALTHY-HUMAN NASAL AIRWAYS

Extravasation and luminal entry of plasma (mucosal exudation) is not o nly a key feature of airway inflammation in rhinitis and asthma but al so a major first-line respiratory defence mechanism. Topical steroids are effective anti-exudative agents in disease but, so far, little is known about the direct effects of these drugs on the responsiveness of the microcirculation in human airways. In this study, the effects of prolonged budesonide treatment on histamine-induced mucosal exudation of plasma was examined in 42 healthy subjects. Placebo and budesonide (100 mu g per nasal cavity b.i.d.) were given for 2 weeks in a double- blind and placebo-controlled parallel-group protocol. Using a nasal po ol technique, nasal challenges with isotonic saline and histamine (40 and 400 mu g.mL(-1)) were carried out before and late in the treatment periods. The lavage fluid levels of alpha(2)-macroglobulin were measu red as an index of mucosal exudation of bulk plasma. Histamine produce d concentration-dependent mucosal exudation of plasma before as well a s after treatment with either placebo or budesonide. The topical stero id treatment only marginally (1.8 fold) decreased the response to the low concentration histamine (40 mu g.mL(-1)) and, although it was sign ificantly (2.8 fold) reduced, bistamine 400 mu g.mL(-1) still produced significant mucosal exudation of plasma in the budesonide group. If t he present observations are extrapolated to inflammatory conditions, t he antiexudative effects of topical steroids in rhinitis (and asthma) may reflect only a small degree of microvascular antipermeability effe cts. We suggest that topical steroid treatment may not impede mucosal exudation responses when called for in acute human airway defence reac tions.