Corneal abrasion is the most frequent ocular complication to occur dur
ing the peri-operative period. This review describes the aetiology of
corneal abrasions and evaluates the current methods of prevention. Mos
t abrasions are caused by lagophthalmos (failure of the eyelids to clo
se fully) during general anaesthesia, resulting in corneal drying. Gen
eral anaesthesia reduces both the production and the stability of tear
s and therefore increases the incidence of this painful condition. Tap
ing the eyelids closed, soft contact lenses, the instillation of aqueo
us gels or paraffin-based ointments are all effective in preventing co
rneal abrasions, but ointments are associated with significant morbidi
ty.