R. Derka et al., UNIVERSAL ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL ESTIMATION OF QUANTUM STATES FROM FINITE ENSEMBLES VIA REALIZABLE GENERALIZED MEASUREMENT, Physical review letters, 80(8), 1998, pp. 1571-1575
We present a universal algorithm for the optimal quantum state estimat
ion of an arbitrary finite dimensional system. The algorithm specifies
a physically realizable (i.e., finite) positive operator-valued measu
rement on a finite number of identically prepared systems. We illustra
te the general formalism by applying it to different scenarios of the
state estimation of N independent and identically prepared two-level s
ystems (qubits).