TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRONIC EFFECTS BY ICOSAHEDRAL CARBORANES - SKELETAL C-13 CHEMICAL-SHIFTS AND ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE SPECTRA OF SUBSTITUTEDARYL-P-CARBORANES (1,12-DICARBA-CLOSO-DODECABORANES)
Ma. Fox et al., TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRONIC EFFECTS BY ICOSAHEDRAL CARBORANES - SKELETAL C-13 CHEMICAL-SHIFTS AND ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE SPECTRA OF SUBSTITUTEDARYL-P-CARBORANES (1,12-DICARBA-CLOSO-DODECABORANES), Journal of the Chemical Society. Dalton transactions, (3), 1998, pp. 401-411
A series of para-carboranes (1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes) substit
uted at one or both carbon atoms by phenyl groups bearing a range of e
lectron-releasing or -withdrawing substituents (X = NMe2, NH2, OH, OMe
, Me, CF3 or NO2), principally at the para positions, has been prepare
d. The carbon-13 NMR shifts of the monoaryl compounds (4-XC6H4)CB10H10
CH showed a linear increase in shielding of the unsubstituted (antipod
al) cage carbon, C12, and a linear decrease at the substituted positio
n, C1, with increasing electron-donating power of the substituent repr
esented by its Hammett sigma(P) value. Purely inductive, sigma(I), or
resonance sigma(R), parameters gave less satisfactory plots. The diary
l series of 4-nitrophenyl derivatives showed the same relationships. C
alculations of electron densities showed that the C-13 NMR shifts corr
espond with charge density in the tangential p orbitals. The UV absorp
tions of the monoaryl p-carboranes have substantial red-shifts compare
d with the corresponding substituted benzenes, while those of the 4-ni
trophenyl compounds having Lt-dimethylamino or 4-oxide anion substitue
nts in the second phenyl group extend into the visible. The colour is
attributed to changes in the nitro n --> pi absorption rather than co
njugation or intermolecular charge transfer. Two anhydrous polymorphs
and a hydrate of the (18-crown-6)potassium salt of this nitrophenoxide
have been identified (18-crown-6 = 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadec
ane). The results establish that p-carborane transmits electronic effe
cts, perhaps as a formally unsaturated system or possibly in a similar
manner to the staffanes (bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes) and other formally s
aturated hydrocarbon linkages.