T. Aoe et al., MODULATION OF INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT BY TRANSPORTED PROTEINS - INSIGHT FROM REGULATION OF COPI-MEDIATED TRANSPORT, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United Statesof America, 95(4), 1998, pp. 1624-1629
Intracellular transport is best understood for how proteins are shuttl
ed among different compartments of the secretory pathway by membrane-b
ound transport carriers. However, it remains unclear whether regulatio
n of this transport is modulated by the transported (cargo) proteins i
n the lumen of transport pathways, In the early secretory pathways tha
t connect the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, the sm
all GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) recruits a cytosolic coat
protein complex named COPI onto membranes as a key step in the formati
on of transport vesicles, Transport of newly synthesized proteins that
leave the ER includes a class of cargo proteins with a sequence motif
of KDEL. When these KDEL proteins leave the ER to reach the Golgi com
plex, they are recognized by their receptor and transported retrograde
in COPI-coated vesicles back to the ER, We now demonstrate that stimu
lation of the I(DEL receptor by a KDEL protein enhances an interaction
between the I(DEL receptor and a GTPase-activating protein for ARF1.
As a result, more cytosolic GTPase-activating protein is recruited to
membranes to inactivate ARF1, Thus, the KDEL proteins are examples of
luminal cargo proteins that regulate transport by activating their rec
eptor. Most likely, this regulation affects retrograde transport from
the Golgi complex to the ER, as activated KDEL receptor appears to res
ide only in retrograde COPI-coated vesicles.