G. Storms et al., NOT GUPPIES, NOR GOLDFISH, BUT TUMBLE DRYERS, NORIEGA, JACKSON,JESSE,PANTIES, CAR CRASHES, BIRD BOOKS, AND WONDER,STEVIE, Memory & cognition, 26(1), 1998, pp. 143-145
This paper focuses on the guppy effect (Osherson & Smith, 1981), that
is, on the existence of examples of conjunctive concepts that are more
typical of the conjunction than of both constituents. The most freque
ntly given examples of this effect, guppy and goldfish, are shown not
to be more typical of the conjunction pet fish than of fish in two bet
ween-subjects and one within-subjects experiment. The frequency of the
effect in a large empirical study is investigated, and better example
s of the effect are suggested.