THE PAI-1 GENE LOCUS 4G 5G POLYMORPHISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE/

A family history of ischemic events is a major determinant of coronary artery disease (CAD). Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibito r 1 (PAI-1) modulate this risk, A deletion/insertion polymorphism with in the PAI-1 locus (4G/5G) affects the expression of this gene. We inv estigated the relationship between the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism in 117 9 healthy employees of our institution and the occurrence of CAD in th eir first-degree relatives. A family history of documented ischemic co ronary disease was assessed by a modified WHO questionnaire. The PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and end onuclease digestion, The group with a first-degree relative who had su ffered from a coronary ischemic episode had a higher number of homozyg otes for the deleted allele (4G/4G) of the PAI-1 gene compared with su bjects without such a family history (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% conf idence interval [CI]=1.17 to 2.25; P=.005). The frequency of the 4G al lele was abnormally high as well (OR]=1.29, 95% CI=1.04 to 1.60; P=.02 5). The individuals with a positive family history were older (P<.001) and exhibited a higher body mass index (P=.033) and total cholesterol levels (P<.001) than those without. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, age (P=.006) and PAI-1 4G/4G (P=.024) independently contrib uted to a family history of coronary heart disease, with 4G/4G carrier s exhibiting a more frequent family history of CAD (OR=1.60), The PAI- 1 4G/5G polymorphism to some extent thus accounts for the risk of CAD related to a family history for such an event. These findings support the hypothesis that the 4G variant is a transmissible coronary risk fa ctor.