Deviations from ideal mixture behavior is caused by asymmetry in molec
ular characteristics, rather than the state of the mixture. Therefore,
in this work a set of exact limits for mixture properties and excess
thermodynamic functions are derived in terms of molecular variables. T
hese molecular parameter limits are expressible in terms of the pure c
omponent properties. The utilization of the limits is demonstrated by
testing some common mixing rules and excess Gibbs energy models. The n
ew limits can be used to test other models, improve existing ones, and
suggest ways of developing new consistent models. (C) 1998 Published
by Elsevier Science Ltd.