P. Schuetze et Ps. Zeskind, RELATION BETWEEN REPORTED MATERNAL CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION DURING PREGNANCY AND NEONATAL STATE AND HEART-RATE, Infant behavior & development, 20(4), 1997, pp. 559-562
Regression analyses showed that prenatal caffeine exposure in 50 neona
tes was predictive of higher heart rates overall and during quiet and
active sleep after the effects of alcohol, nicotine and SES, and mater
nal age were statistically controlled. Separate effects also showed th
at lower SES was related to higher neonatal heart rates.