We present the first valence-band photoemission study of Ba and Cs on
an atomically clean W(110) surface. The cleanness of the tungsten subs
trate can be justified from both high surface 4f core emission and sha
rp surface states in the valence-band spectra. Upon Ba (Cs) adsorption
, the work function is lowered to 2.02 (1.76) eV, corresponding to one
third of a monolayer. Further, the two symmetric high-lying surface s
tates move little in energy but quench rapidly in intensity and dimini
sh at the work-function minimum. On the other hand, the low-lying surf
ace state at 1.41 eV shifts about 215 meV toward higher binding energy
and reduces its emission at thicker coverage. The bonding of the Ba d
orbital with the W d-like surface states is not found, in contrast to
the theoretical calculation and angle-resolved inverse photoemission
study of Ba on W(100). From the coverage-dependent interfacial electro
nic structure and the parallel behaviors manifest in both Ba on W and
Cs on W, the polarized-covalent model for the alkali-metal-substrate i
nteractions is firmly reinforced.