LIBERALIZATION AND ETHNIC-CONFLICT IN LATIN-AMERICA

Most contemporary analysts explain ethnic identity as a socially roote d phenomenon which can be catalyzed by changes in both economic and po litical conditions. Taking the 1982 debt crisis as a main triggering e vent, this article analyzes the relationship between economic adjustme nt and increasing levels of indigenous mobilization in Latin America. Through a comparison of the Bolivian, Peruvian, and Mexican cases, the analysis reveals wide variation in the types and levels of ethnic con flict in the region. Explanations for these differences center on the timing and content of economic adjustment policies, and on the institu tional opportunities available for expressing and channeling economic and political demands. The article concludes that political and econom ic liberalization are likely to clash when shrinking the state also re moves channels for popular participation; moreover, when those that be ar most of the adjustment burden are also challengers to national iden tity, states ignore this challenge at their peril.