This paper surveys the available methods for estimating models with sa
mple selection bias. I initially examine the fully parameterized model
proposed by Heckman (1979) before investigating departures in two dir
ections. First, I consider the relaxation of distributional assumption
s. In doing so I present the available semi-parametric procedures. Sec
ond, I investigate the ability to tackle different selection rules gen
erating the selection bias. Finally, I discuss how the estimation proc
edures applied in the cross-sectional case can be extended to panel da
ta.