LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND PROPERTIES OF LEAD-BASED FERROELECTRIC NIOBATES

Technologically important lead-based ferroelectric niobates of the typ e A(B'B '')O-3 (where A is Pb, B' is Fe, Ni, Mg, or Zn, and B '' is Nb ), and their solid solutions with barium titanate and lead titanate, h ave been prepared via a solution combustion process that involves meta l nitrates/oxalate and tetraformal trisazine (TFTA) at a temperature o f 350 degrees C. The thermal evolution of pervoskite niobates has been investigated at different calcination temperatures. Particulate prope rties such as density, particle size, and surface area have been deter mined. Particles are fine (<1 mu m) and are sinter active at low tempe rature (1050 degrees C). Dielectric and piezoelectric properties or th e lead-based ferroelectrics that have been prepared via the low-temper ature method are reported in this paper.