The scattering of light from a slightly rough surface overlying a refl
ecting surface is investigated. It is shown that the long-scale compon
ent of the roughness spectrum plays a critical role in the scattering
patterns obtained. The scattered interference patterns are critically
dependent on small variation of the rms height of the long-scale compo
nent of the roughness. Conventional perturbation theory is found to be
invalid in cases in which interference phenomena in the scattering ar
e of importance. A model is proposed that quantitatively describes the
measured angular intensity distributions. (C) 1998 Optical Society of
America.