TREATMENT OF STRABISMUS AND NYSTAGMUS WITH BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE-A - AN EVALUATION OF EFFECTS AND COMPLICATIONS

Purpose: Injection of botulinum toxin type A into eye muscles leads to a temporary paralysis and the effects have been evaluated in strabism us or nystagmus.Method: A total of 112 patients with different types o f concomitant and paralytic strabismus and acquired nystagmus were tre ated with botulinum toxin, according to well-established indications. Results: The lasting effects of the injections on strabismic angle wer e largest in esotropia, consecutive exotropia and abducens palsy, and amounted to, on an average, 12 prism diopters or 6 degrees, The larger the strabismus the better was the effect, Repeated injections reduced the angle further, In complex nystagmus forms retrobulbar injections could be used, The side effects were mostly due to spread of botulinum toxin to the levator, producing ptosis (8%), or the inferior rectus m uscle, causing vertical strabismus (10%), On an average 42% of the pat ients were later operated for strabismus and nystagmus. Conclusion: In jection of botulinum toxin A into eye muscles is a valuable adjunct to surgery in the treatment of strabismus and nystagmus.