Sa. White, ADOLESCENT GOAL PROFILES, PERCEPTIONS OF THE PARENT-INITIATED MOTIVATIONAL CLIMATE, AND COMPETITIVE TRAIT ANXIETY, The Sport psychologist, 12(1), 1998, pp. 16-28
The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of task-
and ego-orientation on adolescents' perceptions of the parent-initiate
d motivational climate and competitive trait anxiety. Participants wer
e 279 male and female adolescents (mean age = 14.41 years) who compete
d on organized sport teams. Based on a mean split on the two TEOSQ sub
scales, four goal orientation profile groups were created: high-task/h
igh-ego, high-task/low-ego, high-ego/low-task, and low-task/low-ego. M
ANOVA results indicated that the high-task/low-ego group perceived tha
t both their mother and father endorsed a learning and enjoyment motiv
ational climate. In contrast, the high-ego/low-task group thought thei
r mother and father valued a climate where success was coupled with lo
w effort. In this group, fathers were perceived to cause worry about m
aking mistakes. This group experienced the highest levels of competiti
ve trait anxiety. For the high-task/high-ego group it was found that f
athers emphasized a climate where success was linked to low levels of
exerted effort and mothers were perceived to cause worry about making
mistakes. However. the high-task/high-ego group also believed that bot
h parents still valued learning and enjoyment in the development of ph
ysical skills. Lastly, individuals in the low-task/low-ego group perce
ived mothers to make them afraid of making mistakes in the learning of
skills.