M. Wada et al., CLINICAL-STUDY OF REFRACTORY APICAL PERIODONTITIS TREATED BY APICECTOMY PART 1 - ROOT-CANAL MORPHOLOGY OF RESECTED APEX, International endodontic journal, 31(1), 1998, pp. 53-56
The morphology of the root apex was analysed by observation of the ana
tomy of specimens obtained by apicectomy in cases of refractory apical
periodontitis that did not respond to nonsurgical root canal treatmen
t, Apical ramifications were present in 19 (70%) of the roots, while o
ne were found in the remaining eight (3%) roots, This frequency is far
higher than that reported by other investigators, suggesting that the
re is a close relationship between the anatomical complexity of the ro
ot canal and the occurrence of refractory apical periodontitis.