Aging in humans may be accompanied by alterations in several functiona
l abilities. However, there is a great deal of individual variability
in the functions that may be altered with age within and across aged p
eople. One potential source of age-related behavioral variation may li
e in a differential vulnerability of neurobiological systems to the ag
ing process in particular individuals. Aged monkeys demonstrate behavi
oral and brain alterations that have many parallels with those observe
d in aged humans and are valuable animal models in which to investigat
e the interrelationships between age, behavior and neurobiological mea
sures. This review outlines the similarities of functional and neurobi
ological aging in monkeys and humans, notes the variability that exist
s in both behavioral and neural systems in aging, and identifies some
of the areas of aging that are in need of further investigation.