H. Matsushima et al., PHARMACOKINETICS AND PLASMA-PROTEIN BINDING OF TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN RATS, DOGS, AND HUMANS, Drug metabolism and disposition, 26(3), 1998, pp. 240-245
The pharmacokinetics of tamsulosin hydrochloride, a selective alpha(1)
-adrenoceptor antagonist, was investigated after single iv and oral do
sing to rats and dogs, and oral dosing to healthy male volunteers. Aft
er iv dosing, plasma tamsulosin concentrations declined in an apparent
biexponential manner with terminal half-lives of 0.32 hr in rats and
1.13 hr in dogs. Values for total blood clearance (CLB) were 6.57 l/hr
/kg in rats and 1.61 l/hr/kg in dogs, suggesting ''hepatic blood flow-
limited'' and ''intermediate flow-dependent'' clearance, respectively.
After oral dosing, tamsulosin was rapidly absorbed and reached maximu
m levels within 1 hr in rats and dogs, and at 1.0-1.8 hr in humans. Va
lues for oral clearance (CLoral) in rats, dogs, and humans were 34.5-1
13.6, 3.01-3.99, and 0.031-0.041 l/hr/kg, respectively, showing wide v
ariation among these species. The absolute bioavailability (F) increas
ed with dose in rats (from 6.9% at 1 mg/kg to 22.8% at 10 mg/kg), but
was almost constant in dogs (29.7-42.0% over the 0.33 mg/kg dose range
). The plasma protein binding of C-14-tamsulosin in humans was much hi
gher (98.9-99.1%) than that In rats and dogs (79.0-80.6% and 90.2-90.3
%, respectively). The ratio of blood to plasma concentrations (R-B) va
lue in rats, dogs, and humans decreased in this order (1.2, 0.72, and
0.53, respectively), corresponding to the decrease in plasma unbound f
raction (fu) in these species. These results imply that the large inte
rspecies difference in CLoral is attributable to a difference not only
in hepatic metabolism but also in protein binding among these species
.