VULNERABILITY OF RICE AND WHEAT YIELDS IN NW INDIA TO FUTURE CHANGES IN CLIMATE

Agricultural sector is one of the sensitive areas which would be influ enced by the projected global warming and associated climate change. I n spite of the uncertainties about the precise magnitude of climate ch ange on regional scales, an assessment of the possible impacts of chan ges in key climatic elements on our agricultural resources is importan t for formulating response strategies. In this study, vulnerability of wheat and rice crops in northwest India to the projected climate chan ge is examined. CERES wheat and rice models adopted for the study were validated for their ability to reproduce yields at the selected NW In dian stations. The sensitivity experiments with these models showed hi gher yields for both wheat and rice (28% and 15% respectively for a do ubling of CO2) under elevated CO2 levels. A 3 degrees C (2 degrees C) rise in air temperature nearly cancels out the positive effect of elev ated CO2 on the wheat (rice) yields. While the wheat crops are found t o be sensitive to increase in maximum temperature, the rice crops are vulnerable to increase in minimum temperature. The combined effect of enhanced CO2 and imposed thermal stress on the wheat (rice) crop is 21 % (4%) increase in yield for the irrigation schedule presently practis ed in the region. While the adverse impacts of likely water shortage o n wheat crops would be minimised to a certain extent under elevated CO 2 levels, they would largely be maintained for the rice crops resultin g in about 20% net decline in rice yields. In general, acute water sho rtage conditions combined with the thermal stress should adversely aff ect both the wheat and more severely the rice productivity in NW India even under the positive effects of elevated CO2 in the future. (C) 19 98 Elsevier Science B.V.