To stay strong in an increasingly competitive climate, firms must thin
k creatively and make the best use of their resources. Managers tend t
o look at resources in terms of concrete product features rather than
in terms of the abstract outcomes that are valuable to customers. Init
ially thinking about outcomes-and not about products, processes, or fe
atures-will enhance the creative use of resources that leads to compet
itive advantage. This mindset will allow managers to see alternate way
s of delivering the outcomes that customers value.