ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KIDNEY-SPECIFIC CLC-K1 CHLORIDE CHANNEL GENE PROMOTER

The rat CIC-KI: chloride channel is a kidney-specific member of the Cl C chloride channel family found exclusively in the thin ascending limb of Henle's loop in the kidney. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) of kidney-specific expression of ClC-K1, a genomic clone that contains the 5'-flanking region of the rat ClC-K1 gene was isolated. A single transcription start site was located 84 bp upstream of the start codon . The sequence of the proximal 5'-flanking region contained an activat or protein (AP)-3 site, a glucocorticoid-responsive element, several A P-2 sites, and several E-boxes, but it lacked a TATA box. To functiona lly express the promoter, the similar to 2.5-kb pair 5'-flanking regio n was ligated to a luciferase reporter gene and transfected,into inner medullary (IM) cells, a stable ClC-K1-expressing cell line derived fr om the inner medulla of simian virus 40 transgenic mouse, and ClC-K1-n onexpressing cell lines. Luciferase activity was 7- to 24-fold greater in IM cells than those in nonexpressing cell lines, suggesting that t he similar to 2.5-kb fragment contained cia-acting regulatory elements for cell-specific expression of the ClC-K1 gene. Deletion analysis re vealed that this cell-specific promoter activity in IM cells was still present in the construct containing 51 bp of the 5'-flanking region b ut was lost in the -29 construct, clearly demonstrating that the 22 bp from -51 to -30 have a major role in the cell-specific activity of th e ClC-K1 promoter. These 22 bp consist of purine-rich sequence (GGGGAG GGGGAGGGGAG), and gel-retardation analysis demonstrated the existence of a specific protein(s) binding to this element in IM cells. These re sults suggest that the novel purine-rich element may play a key role i n the activity of the ClC-K1 gene promoter.