OUTCOMES IN THE FIRST 5 YEARS AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Objective: To examine the extent to which outcomes from traumatic brai n injury differ as a function of time and can be predicted at discharg e from inpatient rehabilitation. Design: Survey method employing cross -sectional analyses. Setting: An inpatient brain injury rehabilitation unit in a large midwestern academic medical center. Subjects: Ninety- five adults with traumatic brain injuries, 6 months to 5 years after i npatient rehabilitation, stratified by time postdischarge. Main Outcom e Measures: Functional Independence Measure (FIMSM), Sickness Impact P rofile (SIP), Medical Outcomes Survey SF-36, Community Integration Que stionnaire (CIQ), Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (C HART), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SW LS), and indices of current psychosocial functioning. Results: Substan ce abuse, need for supervision life satisfaction, and selected subscal es of the CIQ and CHART differed over the period 6 months to 5 years a fter discharge. Approximately 75% of the variance in current FIM score s, and 40% to 50% of CHART, CIQ, and SIP total scores, could be predic ted at time of discharge. Conclusions: Outcomes over the first 5 years after discharge were dynamic, with most change being improvement, at least after the first 2 years. Important aspects of outcome could not be predicted based on premorbid characteristics, injury severity, and initial functional abilities. (C) 1998 by the American Congress of Reh abilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.