CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR PROMOTION AND TENURE IN FAMILY MEDICINE DEPARTMENTS

Purpose. (1) To summarize the judgments of family medicine department leaders regarding the elements leading to success in promotion and/or tenure, and (2) to compare the views of department leaders with those of family medicine faculty who have been successfully promoted. Method . Two surveys were conducted. The first was of 296 associate professor members of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine in November 199 3. The second, conducted in the summer of 1994, was of all 115 U.S. me mbers of the Association of Departments of Family Medicine; surveys we re addressed to chairs, directors, or promotion and tenure committee c hairs. Both survey instruments requested data regarding each responden t's department, impressions about the promotion and tenure processes a t the respondent's institution, and general impressions regarding the characteristics of successful candidates. Comparisons of the responses to the two questionnaires were made using two-tailed t-tests; respons es to open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively by two independ ent investigators. Results. In all, 75% of the department leaders and 67% of the associate professors returned completed questionnaires. The two groups had similar views about the importance of certain academic activities to success at promotion and tenure. The primary difference between the groups was in their estimates of weekly time available fo r research and writing activities: the leaders reported that successfu l candidates spent a mean of 25% of their workweeks on research and wr iting activities; the associate professors, on the other hand, reporte d spending a mean of 15% of their workweeks on these activities. The d epartment leaders described six basic groups of critical success facto rs. The associate professors emphasized lack of time as a major obstac le to success. Conclusion. The findings emphasize the critical importa nce of protected time for scholarly activities (such as research and w riting) if generalists are to be promoted or tenured.