ANIMAL ELECTRICITY FROM BOLOGNA TO BOSTON

This is an appreciation of 3 scientists who made historic contribution s toward understanding bio-electrical activity. The discoveries of Gal vani and Volta, who were contemporaries two hundred years ago, continu e as basic supports in advancing the strength and health of all mankin d. They, nevertheless, had political and scientific disagreements that still linger. The third scientist was our contemporary, Alexander For bes who, throughout most of the 20th century, continued to increase ou r understanding of electrical activity in the nervous system. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.