Jw. Norbury et Ml. Waldsmith, HEAVY-ION BEAM LIFETIMES AT RELATIVISTIC AND ULTRARELATIVISTIC COLLIDERS, Physical review. C. Nuclear physics, 57(3), 1998, pp. 1525-1527
The effects of higher order corrections in ultrarelativistic nuclear c
ollisions are considered. It is found that higher order contributions
are small at low energy, large at intermediate energy, and small again
at very high energy. An explanation for this effect is given. This me
ans that the Weizsacker-Williams formula is a good approximation to us
e in calculating cross sections and beam lifetimes at energies relevan
t to relativistic and ultrarelativistic colliders.