Participatory and other approaches to technology development have shar
ed a recent preoccupation with specific methods and doubts about just
how much can be expected of the methods themselves, as opposed to hew
they are applied, by whom, and in what circumstances. Detailed analysi
s of historical cases suggests that the development of both technologi
es and methodologies is highly dependent on local context. Such proces
ses are characterized by conflicts over the direction of change and af
fected by the activities of a particular type of grouping, the develop
ment coalition. These coalitions are examined and implications are con
sidered for training, education and Participatory technology developme
nt. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.