Ak. Manna et al., CHEMICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN SURFACE OXIDIZED CARBON-BLACK AND EPOXIDIZED NATURAL-RUBBER, Rubber chemistry and technology, 70(4), 1997, pp. 624-633
This study-based on Monsanto Rheometer measurements, determination of
bound rubber. enthalpy of reaction. solvent swelling studies, and meas
urement of physical properties-revealed that the functional groups of
intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF) carbon black chemically int
eract with the epoxidized natural rubber. The extent of interaction is
greater in the case of an oxidized grade of ISAF black than the nonox
idized grade. Infrared spectral studies show that the interaction betw
een the rubber and carbon black leads to chemical bond formation. It i
s believed that the oxidized grade of carbon black forms ester-type as
well as phenolic ether-type bonds, while the nonoxidized grade forms
primarily the phenolic ether-type of linkages.